LANGUAGE DALMATIA
Studio Francesco Covelli
Under the name "Dalmatian" s' means the Dalmatian prevented neo-Latin language now extinct, formed by the direct continuation of Latin on the Dalmatian coast completely Romanized.
Dante makes no mention of the Dalmatian in "De vulgari eloquent, but already some historians of the Crusades, travelers, etc.. Speak, by sec. XII onwards, the "Latin" or "novel" or "free" of Dalmatia, and especially the city of Zadar, Split, Dubrovnik Antivari. To Sleep, the Giustiniani (XVI) says that there is "... just an idiom."
The area of \u200b\u200bthis language should be limited to the coast and islands, starting from the south of the river and coming up to Kotor, or more likely to Antivari. In favor of a greater extension of the Dalmatian south of Kotor, in territory now linguistically Albanian phonetic characters speak Latin place names in northern Albania. The language
Dalmatian has had the strength to resist in those areas where it was less threatened by the invasive Slavic, because if it is true that the coming of the Slavs-century. VII, it is equally true that these, for a long time, dared not venture out to the sea. Down the side of the mainland from the Slavic to the south, although slightly, from Albanian, but especially by the increasing penetration of Veneto, the Dalmatian was reduced to be spoken in a few oases.
When you put out there as well?
missing evidence in order to respond, to Zara, for example, which suffered heavily influenced by Venetian, very early, in Dubrovnik, which was only for a short time under the direct of Venice, just at the end of the fifteenth, and finally to sleep in a part of the common people, until very late, the last old man who spoke the vigil, Antonio Udin said Burbur, died in 1898.
documents that exist in the Dalmatian is not that wise of a dying language. This language, however, exercised, when he was still flourishing, a significant influence sugl'idiomi who came in contact with her.
In Serbo-Croatian (and especially in the dialect of Ragusa) there are many elements Dalmatian, easily recognizable by Venetian retrospectively for phonetic peculiarities (for example, kupijerta comes from the Serbo-Croatian Dubrovnik Dalmatian kopiarta in Krk, Rab and kuvert, etc. . derives from the Venetian Kovert) some elements are still conserved in the Venetian Dalmatian Sleep.
A crucial issue is the position of the Dalmatian Romance in the bosom of the family.
Notwithstanding some overlap with the Rumanian and Albanian, the linguist more worthy of study on the Dalmatian (M. Bartoli) proposed to demonstrate the close ties with the southern Italian dialects, and more precisely with the area-Abruzzo Puglia, also geographically, they find themselves in the face of Dalmatia. His results have been accepted by many Italian and foreign scholars, but there have been those opposed to this theory (Clement Merlo), and has tried to show that the vowel system and especially the consonants of the Dalmatian (Krk) are at the bottom Ladin .
There can be no doubt about the existence of close rapporti con il romeno, ma mentre il primo di questi studiosi vede nel dalmatico un membro di quella zona romanza che egli chiama “appennino-balcanica” e che congiunge l’italiano meridionale con il romeno, il secondo vede nel veglioto un anello della catena che riunisce il ladino al lontano romeno.
FONTI:
Per la conoscenza del dalmatico esistono fonti dirette ed indirette.
Le fonti dirette sono costituite dal materiale documentario, fornito specialmente dagli archivi di Ragusa, e, in prima linea, dai saggi di dialetto raccolti da vari studiosi sulla bocca degli ultimi parlanti il dalmatico, limitati purtroppo all’estremità settentrionale del territorio dalmatico, dove tale idioma si conservò più a lungo che altrove, nell’isola di Veglia.
Le fonti indirette sono costituite dalla toponomastica, e dagli elementi dalmatici incorporati negl’idiomi che si sono sovrapposti all’antico dalmatico (specialmente nel serbocroato).
Il più antico documento dalmatico (per tacere di qualche inventario raguseo del secolo XIII) è costituito da una lettera zaratina del 1397.
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